Unexpected medical events can sometimes cause drivers to lose control of their vehicles, leading to serious collisions. Questions then arise about who is financially responsible for the sudden health crisis that contributed to the car crash. The law approaches these situations differently than other types of crashes. Liability may depend on the driver’s medical history, the nature of the emergency, and the circumstances surrounding the incident.

What Kinds of Medical Emergencies Cause Crashes?

Examples of these emergencies include sudden heart attacks, strokes, fainting spells, seizures, severe allergic reactions, or serious drops in blood sugar. Sudden dizziness, loss of consciousness, or acute pain can also impair a driver’s ability to control a vehicle. Even unexpected medication side effects that cause disorientation or drowsiness may contribute.  

What Is the Sudden Medical Emergency Defense?

The “sudden medical emergency defense” is a legal argument raised by drivers who experience an unforeseen health condition that directly leads to a crash. It applies only when the medical issue was not predictable and left the driver unable to act safely. Courts generally require proof that the health event was both sudden and unavoidable.

Can a Driver Be Excused From Liability?

Yes, in some cases, a driver may be excused if the evidence shows that the emergency was not foreseeable. If a driver had no prior knowledge of a medical condition and a sudden episode occurred, such as fainting or a seizure, liability may be reduced or eliminated. However, each case depends on the specific facts and available medical documentation.

What Happens if the Driver Had Prior Health Issues?

If a driver had a known condition and failed to take proper precautions, the defense might not apply. For example, if a physician advised a person not to drive due to uncontrolled seizures but ignored that advice, liability is more likely. Courts weigh whether the driver reasonably should have anticipated the risk of experiencing the medical event while behind the wheel.

Does Auto Insurance Cover These Crashes?

Auto insurance policies generally apply to crashes caused by medical emergencies, but coverage depends on the policy terms. Liability insurance may pay for injuries and property damage if the defense is not accepted, while medical payments coverage or personal injury protection may address immediate treatment costs. Insurance companies investigate thoroughly when the sudden medical emergency defense is raised.

How Do Courts Evaluate Sudden Emergency Claims?

Courts review several factors, including the driver’s medical records, testimony from healthcare providers, and the circumstances of the crash. They examine whether the health episode was sudden, unexpected, and uncontrollable. The “burden of proof” usually rests on the driver claiming the defense, meaning they must show clear evidence that the event could not have been anticipated.

What Role Does Negligence Play?

“Negligence” is a central issue in determining responsibility. If a driver ignored warning signs such as dizziness, chest pain, or other symptoms before driving, the court may find that they acted negligently. On the other hand, if the medical emergency truly occurred without warning, negligence may not be established. This distinction generally determines whether damages are awarded.

Can Multiple Parties Share Responsibility?

Yes, it is possible for responsibility to be divided among parties. For example, if the driver experienced a sudden emergency but road conditions or another driver’s conduct also contributed, liability may be shared. “Comparative fault” principles can apply, meaning damages are distributed in proportion to each party’s share of fault.

Maximize Your Claim With an Albuquerque Car Crash Lawyer at Buchanan Law Firm, LLC

If you were injured in a crash caused by a medical emergency, contact an Albuquerque car crash lawyer at Buchanan Law Firm, LLC. For a free consultation, call today at 505-900-3559 or contact us online. Located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, we proudly serve clients in the surrounding areas.